BIOL 222 - Anatomy and Physiology II

3 Credits
This course expands on previously gained knowledge in the anatomy and physiology of the human body. Students will continue to learn anatomical and physiological terminology as it relates to body systems. Students will integrate the structure and functioning of the cardiovascular, lymphatic, immune, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems with material from earlier courses. Students will also review the natural developmental and aging processes that occur in each system.

Grade Note(s): All BIOL prefixed courses required for the BS Biological Sciences degree program require a C or better grade for successful completion.
All BIOL prefixed courses taken as requirements in the Nursing programs require a C or better grade for successful completion.
Fees: Additional course fees apply.
Prerequisite(s): Completion of BIOL 221 and BIOL 221L with a C grade or above
Corequisite(s): BIOL 222L
Course Learning Outcomes:
1. Describe the composition and function of plasma and blood cells, including their origins.
2. Evaluate the anatomical components of the cardiovascular system and their relationship to blood flow through the heart and vessels.
3. Compare structure and functions of the lymphatic and cardiovascular systems in their roles of fluid circulation.
4. Relate the lymphatic structures, locations, and functions to immunity.
5. Compare the various immune cells functions in cell mediated immunity and humoral mediated immunity.
6. Differentiate hypersensitivity reactions.
7. Correlate respiratory system structures with their functions.
8. Explain the mechanisms of gas transport including the exchange of gases between blood, lungs, and tissues.
9. Describe the mechanics of breathing and the physical factors that influence pulmonary ventilation.
10. Distinguish among the processes of digestion and absorption throughout the alimentary canal and accessory digestive structures.
11. Differentiate carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism.
12. Describe the location and roles of functions of the urinary system, including the role of the kidney in maintaining bodily homeostasis.
13. Compare the role of major ions and the major hormones that influence their concentration.
14. Describe respiratory and renal compensations to maintain acid-base balance.
15. Identify the major organs of the male and female reproductive system and their functions.
16. Distinguish between spermatogenesis and oogenesis.
17. Correlate the major physiological events controlling menstruation, ovulation, and reproduction with the endocrine system.
18. Compare the structure and function of anatomical structures as they change throughout the lifespan.